Unexpected events: researchers have discovered how two brain areas (neocortex and thalamus) work together to detect discrepancies between what animals expect from their environment and actual events

Neuroscientists have uncovered a key brain area in rats -the frontal and parietal cortex- that encodes the value of economic choices when faced with the economic decisions or uncertainty of a lottery

Neuroscientists have uncovered how exploratory actions enable animals to learn their spatial environment more efficiently

Brain circuit that converts spatial goals to escape actions discovered